Outsourcing Europe’s Problems: How Bilateral Solutions Undermine European Federalism and Enlargement
In recent years, EU member states have increasingly turned to outsourcing their societal challenges, from asylum policy to waste management and industrial pollution, not to mention security and defence. This trend, often framed as pragmatic, is in reality a costly and ethically fraught abdication of responsibility. Two recent cases exemplify this: Italy’s outsourcing of asylum processing to Albania and Denmark’s agreement to send convicted prisoners to Kosovo. Both policies, while distinct exec
